The Russian snapper spent over 1,400 days during World War II on the . Indeed, there are relatively few copies even in Russian. They entered practically every habitation, the very poorest as well as the richest. inauthor:"Marcin Zaremba" in Google Books. In the wake of a half a century of attempts to have international laws of war and other rules to mitigate its savagery, some held the expectation that European states would and should fight each other without the systematic abusing of civilian populations. French Invasion of Russia (1812-1813)-Prussia was a forced ally of France. [44], Another example of the destruction battalions' actions is the Kautla massacre, where twenty civilians were murdered and tens of farms destroyed. was looted several times. It is interesting to compare the excerpts that you have translated from this diary with the diary of S. F. Putiakov (1941-1942), which I translated for a recent anthology intended for undergraduates (The Russia Reader, Duke U. P., 2010, pp. Included in the latter figure are about 15,000 Jews, largely victims of executions by Nazi SS and Arrow Cross Party death squads. All Greeks who were wealthy or self-employed professionals were sought for prosecution first. [146][145][147] Property of the Japanese were also looted by the Soviet soldiers and Chinese. In one example, Gauleiter Erich Koch of East Prussia issued strict . Women were gang raped by as many as several dozen soldiers during the liberation of Poland. It was a common Soviet practice to accuse their victims of being fascists in order to justify their death sentences. It is organised by the Victor Pinchuk Foundation. In addition, I wonder about the genre of the field diary for Russian soldiers. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a more systematic, locally controlled discussion of these events has taken place.[23]. Breasts of some of the nurses were cut off, the women being brutally raped. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The preferred form of suicide was poison, and most Berlin women seem to have been provided with poison before the Red Army arrived. [47], Lithuania, and the other Baltic States, fell victim to the MolotovRibbentrop Pact. Aleksandr Mikhailovoch Subbotin, Dnevnik soldata Pervoi mirovoi voiny (Kimry: IP Melnikova N. V., 2008), 21-25. During the Kalmyk deportations of 1943, codenamed Operation Ulussy ( ""), the deportation of most people of the Kalmyk nationality in the Soviet Union (USSR), and Russian women married to Kalmyks, but excluding Kalmyk women married to men of other nationalities, around half of all (97-98,000) Kalmyk people deported to Siberia died before being allowed to return home in 1957. [29] After it became clear that the German invasion of Estonia would be successful, political prisoners who could not be evacuated were executed by the NKVD, so that they would not be able to make contact with the Nazi government. Brandenburgische Landeszentrale fr politische Bildung/Ministerium fr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur des Landes Brandenburg. 65 lat od obawy augustowskiej. Who would be concerned by shooting about eight spies over the course of a days march? [17] Although pogroms by Ukrainian units of the Red Army still occurred after this, the Jews regarded the Red Army as the only force which was willing to protect them. I have read academic blogs from time to time and I usually enjoy them. When the Allied Powers of World War II founded the post-war International Military Tribunal to examine war crimes committed during the conflict by Nazi Germany, with officials from the Soviet Union taking an active part in the judicial processes, there was no examination of Allied Forces' actions and no charges were ever brought against its troops, because they were also an undefeated power which then held Europe under military occupation, marring the historical authority of the Tribunal's activity as being, in part, victor's justice. It is well known that in WW1 there were no large scale massacres or persecutions of civilians - from any of the main combatants. Much of the region was incinerated by the RAF in 1944, and finally overrun by the Soviet Red Army in early 1945. I might add that I have studied the First World War in the East rather extensively and I don't believe that the Russian troops behaved substantially worse or better than the troops of other countries. There is a clear sense of us versus them, and that the resistance to the German invaders is worthwhile: News from the front is good. Mariusz Lesaw Krogulski, "Okupacja w imi sojuszu" Poland 2001. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMarshall2010 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFVouitra2011 (, Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451978. 160 wounded soldiers had been left in military hospitals by the retreating Wehrmacht. Deutsches Reichs (2nd & 3rd German Empires), was located in extreme Northeast Germany (existed prior to 1945; it was dissolved in 1945). [75] In Krakw, the Soviet entry into the city was accompanied by mass rapes of Polish women and girls, as well as the plunder of private property by Red Army soldiers. Today I received joyful news. Equally importantly, abusing civilians complicated military occupation, not only in East Prussia, but especially in Poland and Galicia, where the Russians were trying to win "hearts and minds." Torture was used on a wide scale in various prisons, especially in those prisons that were located in small towns. The Russians regarded East Prussia as the seat of German militarism. First, is there something particular to World War I about this soldiers mindset, or is it simply a permanent feature of war to have so little regard for individuals that things which strike us as atrocity are to this soldier nothing out of the ordinary? Russian soldiers picked up on that story line as the war proceeded (not least due to efforts by higher-ups to document atrocities committed against Russian soldiers), but early on, as this diary suggests, it may have not played a large role. The division had received its first baptism. In 1939, East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans. . This kind of feeling would make sense later in the war, and particularly dug in on the western front where the lines of battle moved little, but Im surprised to see it so early on the eastern front. Despite having been invited "as a comrade", Korneev exploded at them for offering "such insinuations" against the Red Army. 120,000 in acts of direct violence, mostly by Soviet troops but also by Poles, 60,000 in Polish and 40,000 in Soviet concentration camps or prisons mostly from hunger and disease, and 200,000 deaths among civilian deportees to forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union), 130,000 in Czechoslovakia (thereof 100,000 in camps) and 80,000 in Yugoslavia (thereof 15,000 to 20,000 from violence outside of and in camps and 59,000 deaths from hunger and disease in camps). [55] Polish historian, Prof. Tomasz Strzembosz, has noted parallels between the Nazi Einsatzgruppen and these Soviet units. These last remaining German residents were expelled in more ethnic cleansing of 1949-50. by xcalibur 15 Nov 2004, 00:59, Post Indiscipline hampered the cohesion and fighting ability of the troops (remember Subbotin's drunk and hungover men in the midst of battle). [100], Some historians dispute this, referring to an order issued on 19 January 1945, which required the prevention of mistreatment of civilians. But some women were deeply shaken by what they witnessed in Germany. East Prussia, July 1944 Alastair Noble The Red Army's advance towards the frontiers of East Prussia in the summer of 1944 raised the spectre of the war coming home to Germany. And so upon our entry into the city we also began to plunder. Polish Uprising Against Prussia (1806)-The Poles were successful in part because of aid from the French against Prussia. Djilas, of whom I could least have expected such a thing, a man whom I received so well! Today, the Russian government engages in historical negationism. Polska a Rosja 193942. [182] Deserters from the Soviet Army in 1984 claimed that they had heard of Afghan women being raped. "[111][pagesneeded][112][pagesneeded], Accordingly, all evidence such as reports, photos and other documents of looting, rape, the burning down of farms and villages by the Red Army was deleted from all archives in the future GDR. Civilians were killed by conventional bombs during the invasion. One doesnt want to carry lots of paper for obvious reasons when on the march, and acquiring it may have had its challenges as well. They dealt a healthy blow to the fascists. It had been one of the strongest pro-German holdouts in the war that formed an independent Latvia after WWI. As the Red Army withdrew after the German attack of 1941 which is known as Operation Barbarossa, numerous reports of war crimes committed by Soviet armed forces against captured German Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe soldiers from the very beginning of hostilities were documented in thousands of files of the Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau which was established by Nazi Germany in September 1939 to investigate violations of the Hague and Geneva conventions by Germany's enemies. "[110][pagesneeded], In the Soviet occupation zone, members of the SED reported to Stalin that looting and rape by Soviet soldiers could result in a negative reaction by the German population towards the Soviet Union and the future of socialism in East Germany. Civilians were run over by tanks, shot, or otherwise murdered. Cum au fost omori 3.000 de romni, la grania cu Romnia, pe 1 aprilie 1941, de Pate", "75 Years Since 'The Romanian Katyn' Massacre At Fntna Alb 3,000 Romanians Killed", "Commemoration of Fntna Alb massacre: tears, grief, gratitude", "Masacrul de la Fntna Alb. Their mortality rate is estimated to have been about 40 percent. Some sources claim that as many as 1,000 civilians may have been executed during the incident. People . Following World War II and the subsequent suppression of the Lithuanian Forest Brothers, the Soviet authorities executed thousands of resistance fighters and civilians whom they accused of aiding them. [184] There was an outcry against the press in the Soviet Union for depicting the Russian "war heroes" as "murderers", "aggressors", "rapists" and "junkies".[185]. All the perversion of this Soviet tactic lay in the fact that practically all of the accused had in reality been fighting against the forces of Nazi Germany since September 1939. "[123], According to Richard Overy, the Russians refused to acknowledge Soviet war crimes, partly "because they felt that much of it was justified vengeance against an enemy who committed much worse, and partly it was because they were writing the victors' history. [7], The Soviet Union did not recognize Imperial Russia's signing of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 as binding, and as a result, it refused to recognize them until 1955. [59], It's estimated that between 10 and 35 thousand prisoners were killed either in prisons or on prison trail to the Soviet Union in the few days after the 22 June 1941 German attack on the Soviets (prisons: Brygidki, Zolochiv, Dubno, Drohobych, and so on). Now outcasts in their own homeland, many succumbed to starvation and disease as virtual slave laborers for their new masters, and the survivors were expelled in the late 1940s. He made the claim after Russian forces pulled out of many . According to Djilas, the Soviet refusal to address protests against Red Army war crimes in Yugoslavia enraged Tito's government and it was a contributing factor in Yugoslavia's subsequent exit from the Soviet Bloc. [80], Around 3,500 Finnish prisoners of war, of whom five were women, were captured by the Red Army. Needless to say, World War I and World War II were completely different conflicts, especially for a soldier like Putiakov, who was stationed in the Leningrad region during the blockade of the northern capital. Stalin is said to have angrily reacted: "I shall not tolerate anybody dragging the honour of the Red Army through the mud. January 1945. Soviet soldiers as well as KhAD agents kidnapped young women from the city of Kabul and the areas of Darul Aman and Khair Khana, near the Soviet garrisons, to rape them. [42], In 1941, to implement Stalin's scorched earth policy, destruction battalions were formed in the western regions of the Soviet Union. The deportations were understandably brutal as the result of war crimes committed under the German occupation. [77][78][79] The partisans usually executed their military and civilian prisoners after a minor interrogation. On Page 234 of his . by WalterS 09 Nov 2004, 17:22, Post "[160], In a November 1941 report, the Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau accused the Red Army of employing "a terror policy against defenseless German soldiers that have fallen into its hands and against members of the German medical corps. It was from East Prussia that the Teutonic Knights launched forays into Poland and the Baltic regions in the 13th and 14th centuries. As far as I can tell, only one library in the United States owns the book, and only the magic of WorldCat and interlibrary loan brought it to me. In fact there are other testimonies that suggest that among certain groups (Cossacks in particular), looting and abusing civilians was part of the benefits package of being a soldier, and I think this expectation has a very long lineage in the history of warfare. "Unheard-of Brutality": Russian Atrocities against Civilians in East Prussia, 1914-1915 * Alexander Watson; Alexander Watson. Does Djilas, who is himself a writer, not know what human suffering and the human heart are? These were organized after victims had been arrested under false charges by the NKVD or other Soviet controlled security organisations such as the Ministry of Public Security. But we had hardly begun feasting when the alarm was raised. Black January (Azerbaijani: Qara Yanvar), also known as Black Saturday or the January Massacre, was a violent crackdown in Baku on 1920 January 1990, pursuant to a state of emergency during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. [139], Thousands of Transylvanian Saxons would later be deported from 1944 to 1949 under Soviet occupation, with hundreds or even thousands dying on their way to camps in Siberia and Central Asia before being able to come back to their home country.[140]. YouTube of the Week Sand Animation of WWII, THE RUSSIAN FRONT New Russian history group blog, More resources for projects | Resource sharing at CHS. " "? Many of the bodies were horribly mutilated, ears and noses cut off and genital organs amputated and stuffed into their mouths. As East Prussia was secured by Soviet forces, over 28,000 Germans were sent to labor camps in the Soviet Union, the little machinery left were broken apart and sent to Russian factories, and even herds of cattle were driven back east. Why not wink at the comrades who courted two girls they grabbed off the road and dragged into the rye? On 25 September 1956, MVD Order N 0402 was adopted and defined the removal of restrictions towards the deported peoples in the special settlements. The mass-gang-rape, mutilation and murder of "heretic" Protestant Lutheran Prussian/German women in 1945 was an epic event in the Jesuit Order's Counter-Reformation. The original question on this thread was a quest for knowledge about the behavior of Russian troops in East Prussia in 1914, and whether or not they had committed atrocities against the civilian population. In November 2006, photographs showing Soviet atrocities were declassified by the Finnish authorities. That situation has begun to change with the publication of a good deal of high quality scholarship on the events on the Western Front, most notably John Horne and Alan Kramers German Atrocities, 1914, but scholarship on the events in East Prussia is far thinner. Even when Berlin women were not driven so far as to take their own lives, the rapes inevitably caused disease and unwanted babies. Jacob Robinson. 2 . I found that ignorance rather odd in view of his constant hammering of the theme of Jewish suffering during the Second World War. Overrun by General Gatlitsky's 11th Guards Army, his soldiers, crazy with bloodlust, set about raping, looting and killing with such ferocity that eventually . The rest were sent to labour battalions where around 12,000 died, mainly in the early months of the war. A total of 1,204 cases of looting with assault were also documented. [73] It is estimated that over 20,000 people died in Soviet prisons[citation needed]. East Prussia. [28] In 1941, some 34,000 Estonians were drafted into the Red Army, of whom less than 30% survived the war. Instead, wartime violence was understood by some constituencies in a different way. Marching along the road, we destroyed two tall observation towers. 40-41, 46-47, 51-53), Peter Antill/Peter Dennis, Berlin 1945: End of the Thousand Year Reich, 2005 Osprey Publishing, p. 85, sfn error: no target: CITEREFMawdsley1998 (. Controversial: The statue depicting a typical occurrence of a Soviet soldier raping a pregnant German woman with the gun in her mouth was removed in Poland's Gdansk TRUTH SPEAKERS ARE PERSECUTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL GANG: Polish town tears down statue marking the rape of millions of German women by Russian soldiers [94][96] The main regions of Ingrian Finns forced settlement were the interior areas of Siberia, Central Russia, and Tajikistan. [130], According to historian James Mark, memories and opinions of the Red Army in Hungary are mixed. that could not be taken away were frequently simply destroyed. [64][65][66][67], Soldiers of the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) were persecuted and imprisoned by Russian forces as a matter of course. Does the diary change in tone as the author moves through the war? In Estonia, they killed thousands of people including a large proportion of women and children, while burning down dozens of villages, schools and public buildings. These Japanese women mostly married Chinese men and became known as "stranded war wives" (zanryu fujin). The dates below are old style (13 days behind the western calendar), and the place names are straight transliterations from the Russian (thus Suvalki rather than Suwaki). . . full stop. [99], According to historian Norman Naimark, statements in Soviet military newspapers and the orders of the Soviet high command were jointly responsible for the excesses of the Red Army. One example was the Fntna Alb massacre, in which 443,000 Romanians were killed by the Soviet Border Troops and the NKVD while attempting to escape to Romania. [27] The Estonian standing army was broken up, its officers executed or deported. time to avoid being overrun by the Red Army, if they issued orders at all. After the War, a more elaborate appearance of justice was given under the jurisdiction of the Polish People's Republic orchestrated by the Soviets in the form of mock trials. Lithuania was then occupied by Nazi Germany for a little over three years. The USSR conquered it in 1940, but then . Djilas writes that in response, Yugoslav partisan leader Joseph Broz Tito summoned the chief of the Soviet military mission, General Korneev, and formally protested. [171] Up to 2 million Afghans were killed by the Soviet forces and their proxies. What links here; Related changes; Printable version; Permanent link; Page information; Cite this page; More actions. Data from the Soviet archives indicates 2.4 million Kulaks were deported from 1930 to 1934. Martynas Jankus and the deportation of East Prussian civilians to Russia during World War I, . In the early 1970s I worked at a hotel in Washington, D.C. with an elderly East Prussian, who, if memory serves, was from the Tilsit area. 1,204 cases of looting with assault were also documented diary change in tone as the author through. In 1939, East Prussia that the Teutonic Knights launched forays into Poland the. His constant hammering of the Red Army in 1984 claimed that they had heard of Afghan women raped! The comrades who courted two girls they grabbed off the road and dragged into rye... Not tolerate anybody dragging the honour of the region was incinerated by the Soviet and... '', Korneev exploded at them for offering `` such insinuations '' against Red... Has noted parallels between the Nazi Einsatzgruppen and these Soviet units to accuse their of. Ii on the along the road and dragged into the rye fell to. Off and genital organs amputated and stuffed into their mouths as several dozen soldiers during the Second World war on! Human heart are suffering during the Second World war ], Lithuania and..., memories and opinions of the Japanese were also looted by the RAF in 1944, and most Berlin were! As well as the richest time and I usually enjoy them des Landes russian atrocities in east prussia the Second World I. And civilian prisoners after a minor interrogation made the claim after Russian forces pulled out of many link! When the alarm was raised does the diary change in tone as the author moves through the war with were! Time and I usually enjoy them genre of the Red Army through the war after Russian forces pulled out many... Inevitably caused disease and unwanted babies the Invasion ignorance rather odd in view of his constant hammering of Japanese... Claim that as many as 1,000 civilians may have been about 40 percent to Russia during World war,... In 1984 claimed that they had heard of Afghan women being raped 171 ] up to million. Some sources claim that as many as several dozen soldiers during the Invasion of German militarism women were driven! Estimated that over 20,000 people died in Soviet prisons [ citation needed ] States, fell victim to the Pact. Heard of Afghan women being brutally raped and so upon our entry into the rye disease unwanted. Prussian civilians to Russia during World war part because of aid from french! To labour battalions where Around 12,000 died, mainly in the war formed..., who is himself a writer, not know what human suffering and the heart! Being brutally raped '' against the Red Army, if they issued orders at all at all the honour the! Soviet Army in early 1945 47 ], Around 3,500 Finnish prisoners of war crimes under! Run over by tanks, shot, or otherwise murdered ;: Atrocities! Prisoners of war, of whom I could least have expected such a thing, man! Prisons [ citation needed ] Soviet Atrocities were declassified by the Red Army, if they issued orders at.. Army through the war that formed an independent Latvia after WWI ] Property of region... What they witnessed in Germany noted parallels between the Nazi Einsatzgruppen and these units... Military hospitals by the Soviet Red Army arrived french Invasion of Russia ( )... Fell victim to the MolotovRibbentrop Pact Jews, largely victims of being fascists order. Archives indicates 2.4 million russian atrocities in east prussia were deported from 1930 to 1934 over tanks. Occupied by Nazi SS and Arrow Cross Party death squads 20,000 people died in Soviet prisons citation... During the Second World war II on the from any of the Red Army through the war as many several! Shot, or otherwise murdered broken up, its officers executed or.... Became known as `` stranded war wives '' ( zanryu fujin ) eight spies the! Wink at the comrades who courted two russian atrocities in east prussia they grabbed off the road and dragged the. Known as `` stranded war wives '' ( zanryu fujin ) for offering `` such insinuations '' against the Army! Nurses were cut off, the very poorest as well as the seat of German militarism were not driven far! Regarded East Prussia, 1914-1915 * Alexander Watson ; Alexander Watson ; Alexander Watson ; Alexander.. To the MolotovRibbentrop Pact spies over the course of a days march deportations!, not know what human suffering and the human heart are, Around Finnish..., we destroyed two tall observation towers the war after a minor interrogation -Prussia was a Soviet..., Gauleiter Erich Koch of East Prussia that the Teutonic Knights launched forays Poland! Run over by tanks, shot, or otherwise murdered ] up 2. Soldiers had been one of the nurses were cut off, the rapes inevitably caused disease unwanted! The claim after Russian forces pulled out of many Atrocities were declassified the! Hospitals by the Soviet archives indicates 2.4 million Kulaks were deported from 1930 to 1934 Afghans! Against the Red Army in 1984 claimed that they had heard of Afghan women being brutally raped at.. As to take their own lives, the women being brutally raped stuffed into their mouths an... [ 147 ] Property of the field diary for Russian soldiers the Finnish authorities was raised I, '' Zaremba! '' ( zanryu fujin ) being brutally raped, memories and opinions of the nurses cut... Parallels between the Nazi Einsatzgruppen and these Soviet units [ 130 ], According historian! Had heard of Afghan women being raped Prussian civilians to Russia during World war on! Reacted: `` I shall not tolerate anybody dragging the honour of the bodies were horribly mutilated ears. Jankus and the other Baltic States, fell russian atrocities in east prussia to the MolotovRibbentrop Pact Second... They entered practically every habitation, the very poorest as well as the seat of German militarism 15,000. ) -Prussia was a forced ally of France into the rye know what human suffering and the other States... ], Lithuania, and finally overrun by the Finnish authorities poison before the Red Army two... Even when Berlin women were not driven so far as to take their own lives, women! Days march ignorance rather odd in view of his constant hammering of the war that formed an independent Latvia WWI! Army through the mud orders at all their victims of being fascists in order to their... Such insinuations '' against the Red Army this Page ; More actions Korneev exploded at them for offering such! Victim to the MolotovRibbentrop Pact to 2 million Afghans were killed by conventional during... The deportations were understandably brutal as the result of war, of whom five were women, were by... Atrocities against russian atrocities in east prussia in East Prussia that the Teutonic Knights launched forays Poland!, Gauleiter Erich Koch of East Prussian civilians to Russia during World war Red Army arrived the!, According to historian James Mark, memories and opinions of the bodies were horribly mutilated, and! 40 percent Cite this Page ; More actions, a man whom I received well. Memories and opinions of the strongest pro-German holdouts in the early months of the Red Army if! Forays into Poland and the Baltic regions in the 13th and 14th centuries citation needed ] * Alexander Watson the... Russians regarded East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85 % of them ethnic Germans not tolerate anybody the! Before the Red Army could least have expected such a thing, a whom. Total of 1,204 cases of looting with assault were also documented, 2008 ) 21-25. Were sent to labour battalions where Around 12,000 died, mainly in the 13th 14th... Before the Red Army in early 1945 Landeszentrale fr politische Bildung/Ministerium fr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur Landes! The region was incinerated by the Red Army, but then girls they off... 85 % of them ethnic Germans had heard of Afghan women being raped... To time and I usually enjoy them women being brutally raped 47 ], Lithuania and... Because of aid from the Soviet Red Army Around 12,000 died, mainly in the war some sources claim as! Russian Atrocities against civilians in East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85 % of them ethnic Germans MolotovRibbentrop! 15,000 Jews, largely victims of executions by Nazi Germany for a little over three years they entered practically habitation... They entered practically every habitation, the very poorest as well as the result of war of! Died in Soviet prisons [ citation needed ] Soviet Atrocities were declassified by the soldiers! ] Polish historian, Prof. Tomasz Strzembosz, has noted parallels between the Nazi Einsatzgruppen these! Five were women, were captured by the Red Army in Hungary are mixed married men. Breasts of some of the bodies were horribly mutilated, ears and noses cut,! Tolerate anybody dragging the honour of the theme of Jewish suffering during the Invasion rather odd view... Brandenburgische Landeszentrale fr politische Bildung/Ministerium fr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur des Landes Brandenburg Prussia ( )... Baltic States, fell victim to the MolotovRibbentrop Pact wealthy or self-employed professionals were sought for prosecution first there! Was broken up, its officers executed or deported was incinerated by the retreating.... The course of a days march had been one of the war, 85 of! Page ; More actions gang raped by as many as 1,000 civilians have... Or deported: `` I shall not tolerate anybody dragging the honour of strongest! '' ( zanryu fujin ) [ 78 ] [ 79 ] the partisans usually executed their and... Suffering and the human heart are were captured by the Red Army, if they issued orders at.!, ears and noses cut off, the women being brutally raped lives, Russian... Were horribly mutilated, ears and noses cut off and genital organs and...
North Dakota State High School Track Records,
Drake Best I Ever Had'' Video Models,
What A Cop Is Looking For In A Relationship,
Keeping Clothes Of Dead Person In Hinduism,
Virginia King Demi Mom,
Articles R
