Paper 2 for PSI / STI / ASO also covers Geography. Observe the statements regarding soils in Maharashtra. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 3 0 obj Yes! Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The important soil types found in the basin are black soils, red soils, laterite and lateritic soils, alluvium, mixed soils, red and black soils and saline and alkaline soils. 7th approximation defines soils of India based on its morphology and composition. Forest soil: Regions of high rainfall. While the Soils of North Konkan coast is Coarse &shallow. The MPSC State Service Examination and the MPSC Combined Exam have questions on these subjects in both the prelims and Main examinations. Classification and Properties of the major soil in India Alluvial Soil. The alluvial soil is found mostly in the Northern Plains, starting from Punjab in the west to West Bengal and Assam in the east. This soil is found in the basins of the Godavari, Krishna, Bhima, Panchganga, Tapi rivers. Bhangar is the old alluvium, deposited away from the flood plains. They are characterized by fossils. It is light, has thin layers and it is not very fertile. It covers about 40% of the total land area of the country. This soil is made up of a mixture of sand, silt, and clay particles and is known for its high fertility and ability to retain moisture. When the Soil survey of India was established in 1956, they studied soils of India and their characteristics. 3. This type of soil is generally deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and humus. Soils of Western Ghats region is locally known as Warkas i.e. The colour of these soils varies from deep black to grey. Ultisols - 2% area in India. Formed by accumulation of organic matter. Consequently, this property effectively retains water. The pH varies from 7.5 to 8.5. Three factors contribute to the formation of soil: The nature of soil depends on the rock from which it is made and the type of plants that grow in it. soil mechanics and foundation engineering by Dr. K.R. What type of soil is grown in Maharashtra? These soils are formed by the sediments brought down by the rivers. They are alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, or arid soil, and forest and mountainous soil,marsh soil. The first type of soil is sand. A layer of soil (top layer of soil) gets removed due to wind or water. Image Courtesy : images.wisegeek.com/rocky-soil.jpg 1. Khadar is the new alluvium and occupies the flood plains of the rivers. Que 15. These are found in southern Uttarakhand, the northern part of Bihar, and the coastal areas of West Bengal, Odisha and Tamil Nadu. ZyyNsd> Very little humus is seen in this soil. These soils are found in Rajasthan and Gujarat. %PDF-1.7 The texture of the soil depends on the mountain environment where they are found. (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) None of these. Healthy soil is essential for a healthy ecosystem. a mixture of red and black may be found in this group of soils. 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The colour of the alluvial soil varies from light grey to ash grey. Although soil is considered a non-living thing, it works for various living things, from small worms and insects to reptiles. It requires densification to increase its bearing capacity and shearing strength. The layers of the soil can be divided into different horizons such as O Horizon, A Horizon, E Horizon, B Horizon, C Horizon and R Horizon. Black Soils:- These soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava flows. Both Khadar and Bhangar soils contain concretion (kankars) of impure calcium carbonate. Red soil is developed from Archean, Vindhyan, and caddapah types of rocks. The deltaic alluvial soils and coastal alluvial soils make up approximately 5% of soil in the state. Terai Soil - found in northern part of the state along the border of Nepal. It is the smooth and fine quality of the soil that holds water better than sand. Laterite soils are suitable for cultivation. They are rich in potash but poor in phosphorus. Answer: Major soil formations in the area are coastal sand (Psamments), Deltaic alluvium (Fluvents, Aquents, Aquepts, Usterts), red loamy soils (Usta/fs), black soils (Usterts) and saline-sodic soils (Orthids, Usta/fs). These are sandy soil, clayey soil and loam soil. Severe erosion of beaches along the Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, West Bengal and Gujarat coasts are examples of sea-wave erosion. The black colour of soil is due to the presence of Titaniferous magnetite. In the semidry plateau, the regur (black-cotton soil) is clayey, rich in iron and moisture-retentive, though poor in nitrogen and organic matter. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This is very helpful for aeration of black soil. In the upper reaches of the Godavari and Krishna, and the north-western part of Deccan Plateau, the black soil is very deep. 4 0 obj In many places, these soils are alkaline. There are about fifteen questions on the subject of Geography in theMPSC Combined prelims exam. How many types of soil are there in Maharashtra? These soils are found mostly in coastal Maharashtra, Karnataka and other parts of west coast. The soil is the part of the earths surface, which includes disintegrated rock, humus, inorganic and organic materials. These soils are also called as regur soils. how many types of soil are found in maharashtra. Ans: Soil plays an important role in the survival of organisms found on the earth. In the ancient period, soils were mainly classified into two Urvara (fertile) and Usara (sterile). This has taken the total number of indigenous breeds to 212 as of January 4, 2023. These soils have high percentages of sodium, magnesium and potassium, and hence are infertile. Therefore, it is also used in agricultural practices to improve soil fertility. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. How do you calculate working capital for a construction company? Red Soils 4. Most of the Deccan is occupied by Black soil. and Kaveri. Clay Soil. Silt is finer than sand. Reclamation of gullies and ravines is also necessary to overcome the problem of soil erosion. Select the correct answer using the codes given below. Forest and Mountain Soils 6. FAQs on Soil Types. DownloadBYJU'S Exam Prep Appand prepare General Knowledge for Maharashtra State exams. These soils can be reclaimed by improving drainage, by applying gypsum or lime and by cultivating salt-resistant crops like berseem, dhaincha, etc. The soil is of volcanic origin. They swell greatly and become sticky when wet in the rainy season. Your IP: Rule 3: Choose the right plants. Types of soil Alluvial Soils Black Soils Red Soils Laterite Soils Mountain Soils Desert Soils. Red soil :- These are derived from weathering of ancient metamorphic rocks of Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 7 . The topic Soil is important for IAS Exam Geography subject that comes under Mains GS-I. Red soils are generally derived from crystalline rock. is the same as found in earlier pit. These soils are found in regions of heavy rainfall and high humidity, and it supports the good growth of vegetation. This process is called weathering. speech pathologist and audiologist . Alluvial soil is a type of soil that is found in areas where water bodies such as rivers, streams, and floods regularly deposit sediments. Soil in Maharashtra for MPSC Study Notes: The topic of soil in Maharashtra falls under the subject of Maharashtra Geography. Black soil has a high water-retaining capacity. preserve. [6] The engineering properties of such soils are as follows:[citation needed]. This soil performs well if irrigated. Clay contains the smallest particles among the other two types of soil. The soil is found to be sticky, moist and broken into angular pieces. 6 Soils of Poona. This soil is also referred to asagricultural soil as it includes an equilibrium of all three types of soil materials, being sandy, clay, and silt, and it also happens to have humus. Silt, which is known to have much smaller particles compared to sandy soil and is made up of rock and other mineral particles, which are smaller than sand and larger than clay. Such farmers should be motivated to adopt terraced farming. They are rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. It belongs broadly to three classes, namely, black, red and brown. This soil is found in the areas where 100cm average rainfall occurs (often between 50 to 80cm). The black soils are made up of the lava flows and are found in Deccan plateau. Sandy soil essentially consists of small particles formed by weathering rocks. are used. This type of soil is typically of the Deccan trap region spread over Northwest Deccan plateau and is made from lava flows. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Intensive agricultural practices that rely heavily on water and chemical fertilisers have caused waterlogging and salinity in many parts of the country, reducing the fertility of the soil in the long run. With rain, lime and silica are leached away, and soil rich in iron oxide and aluminium are left leading to the formation of laterite soil. The soil status of Maharashtra is residual, derived from the underlying basalts. This is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain. Oregon State University Press. Explain the significant features of silty soil. 3. If the pH of the soil thus gets disturbed it is a sign of soil degradation. Contents1 What type of soil is found in Sikkim?2 [] They are each discussed below. The soils are on the whole low in fertility. They are poor in humus yet highly moisture-retentive, thus responding well to irrigation. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Alluvial soils are rich in humus as they are deposited by three important monkey river of Himalayas, Indus river, Ganges and Brahmaputra River. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils. Gangetic Alluvium - the plain of Bihar is covered by gangetic alluvium (both new as well as old). For soil to form from rocks, it takes an average of 500 years or more. These soils are mainly devoted to the cultivation of saffron, almonds, apple, walnut, etc. The black soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable. The soils found in the lower valleys are fertile. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. This soil developed on Archean granite occupies the second largest area of the country. Sundarbans mangrove swamps are rich in Marsh soil. What are the types of soil Class 10? Gelisols make up about 9% of the world's glacier-free land surface. They are well known for their capacity to hold moisture. This type of soil is highly pervious and have a low density. It does not store any personal data. 2. The tidal waters of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal cause considerable damage to the soils along the coastal areas. . Types Of Soil - Sandy Soil, Clay Soil, Silt Soil, And . These are typical soils of the monsoon climate which is characterised by seasonal rainfall. Alluvial Soil: Alluvial soils are formed by the deposits of the sediments brought by rivers. <> Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Soil formation and quality depend on the environment. Made by:- Yash Kishore 7th C 40 (Roll No.) They are silty loam to loam in texture and dark brown in colour. Cotton, pulses, millets, castor, tobacco, sugarcane, citrus fruits, linseed, etc. [citation needed], These soils are found in Thar desert in the Indian state of Rajasthan and Gujarat. The percentage of sand in a soil texture contains mineral soil particles with diameters ranging from 2 to 0.02 mm. Deforestation is one of the major causes of soil erosion and its effect is more pronounced in the hilly parts of the country. 5 0 obj Horizon C (weathered and decomposed rock) This zone is composed of the loose parent/rock material. In the areas where the rainfall is heavy, water is the main agent of soil erosion, while in arid and semi-arid regions wind is responsible for soil erosion. 1. The black soil is also known as regur. The silt soil is more fertile compared to the other three types of soil. It represents a transition between Horizon A and Horizon C and contains matter derived from below as well as above. ARORA. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. They are usually poor growing soils, low in nutrients and humus and difficult to cultivate because of its low water holding capacity. It does not store any personal data. The soil is usually formed when rocks break up into their constituent parts. Soils of Karnataka | Definition, Examples, Diagrams Mainly found in Narmada-Son valley and Malwa-Satpura range. It contains iron oxides and hence it is red in colour. Step 2: It transports through water, wind etc. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and extend in South-East direction along Godavari and Krishna valleys. Bihar have saline and alkaline effervescences mainly of sodium, calcium and magnesium. Arid and Desert Soils 7. They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. Cloudflare Ray ID: 78b874fa29922ba6 They contain large amount of organic matter and are not suitable for construction of megastructures like buildings, cranes etc.[7][8]. The laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. The red soil is found in regions such as Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, some parts of Karnataka and southeast Maharashtra. This soil is not suitable for growing plants as it is harder for moisture and air to penetrate into the soil. Due to the high sediment content in this soil, water does not seep easily. 2. Medium black soils 3. Soil can be classified into three primary types based on its texture - sand, silt and clay. Humus content of the soil is low because most of the microorganisms, particularly the decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed due to high temperature and lack of organic matter which is food, shelter and protection for the microorganisms from the high temperatures. ?QMcUz@RW)Vx12k:]nV,'/}7}j/?^NC MDo\bKp:S/{&blz4um3=}TO{V)ic*5 b;T nWt&f: CQ}6,OmaqWH^]w+/uY+s5+];x2u'nB^AJEySOA^ LyOhz}l~'mkfT7`/b In Maharashtra, this soil is found in the basins of the Godavari and Bhima-Krishna rivers. May 25 2022. places to go for your 16th birthday. It is also called the Black Cotton Soil, as cotton is the most important crop grown in this soil. Saline and Alkaline Soil: Soils in many parts of the arid and semi-arid areas of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. As per many researchers, the thickness of these soil ranges between 30-70 cm. These are generally rich in Phosphoric acid, lime and potash, and is well known for its water holding capacity which makes it ideal for growing sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal crops. This soil has very good water storage qualities and makes it hard for moisture and air to penetrate into it. Two different types of alluvial soils have developed in the Upper and Middle Ganga plains Khadar and Bhangar. Science Project Different types of soil in India and their specific crops. 1.Alluvial soils 2.Black soils 3.Red soils 4.Laterite soils 5.Moutainous soils 6.Desert soils 7.Saline soils 8.Peat soils How many types of soils are. 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